Light crude oil possesses low density and high API gravity, typically ranging from 31 to 45 degrees. This classification indicates a higher proportion of lighter hydrocarbon molecules, making the oil easier to refine into high-value products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.

Key Properties:

➤ API Gravity: 31-45 degrees
➤ Lower viscosity for easier transport
➤ Higher gasoline and diesel yields
➤ Premium market pricing
➤ Reduced refining complexity

Heavy crude oil contains longer hydrocarbon chains and higher molecular weight compounds, resulting in lower API gravity (typically below 22 degrees) and increased viscosity. While more challenging to process, heavy crudes represent significant global reserves, particularly in Canada's oil sands and Venezuela's Orinoco Belt.

Processing Challenges:
➤ Requires specialized refining equipment
➤ Higher processing costs due to complex upgrading requirements
➤Lower initial product yields
➤ Increased energy consumption during refining
➤ Advanced thermal recovery methods needed for extraction

Sweet crude contains less than 0.5% sulfur by weight, making it highly desirable for refining. Lower sulfur content reduces processing complexity, environmental impact, and refining costs while producing cleaner-burning petroleum products.

Advantages:

➤ Minimal sulfur removal requirements
➤ Lower refining costs
➤ Cleaner combustion characteristics
➤ Higher market premiums
➤ Reduced environmental processing burden

Sour crude contains more than 0.5% sulfur, requiring additional processing steps to remove sulfur compounds. Despite higher processing costs, sour crudes often trade at discounts, creating arbitrage opportunities for sophisticated refiners with appropriate equipment.

Processing Requirements:

➤ Hydrodesulfurization units
➤ Increased hydrogen consumption
➤ Specialized catalyst systems
➤ Additional environmental controls
➤ Higher operational complexity

EN590 represents the current European standard for automotive diesel fuel, establishing comprehensive specifications that ensure consistent quality, performance, and environmental compliance across member states. This ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) standard has become a global benchmark for premium diesel fuel quality.

Critical Specifications:

➤ Density at 15°C: 820-845 kg/m³
➤ Kinematic Viscosity at 40°C: 2.0-4.5 cSt
➤ Sulfur Content: Maximum 10 mg/kg (10 ppm)
➤ Cetane Number: Minimum 51
➤ Flash Point: Minimum 55°C

Jet A-1 represents the world's most widely used aviation turbine fuel, powering commercial aircraft, military jets, and helicopter operations across the globe. This kerosene-based fuel meets stringent international specifications ensuring safe, reliable operation under extreme conditions from polar routes to tropical climates.

Temperature Performance:

➤ Freezing Point:Maximum -47°C (-53°F) for international operations
➤ Flash Point:Minimum 38°C (100°F) for safety compliance
➤ Autoignition Temperature:210°C (410°F)

Kerosene occupies a crucial position in the petroleum product spectrum, serving diverse applications from aviation fuel to residential heating and industrial processes. This middle distillate combines favorable combustion characteristics with practical handling properties, making it indispensable across multiple sectors worldwide.

Grade 1-K (Low Sulfur):

➤ Sulfur Content: Maximum 0.04% by weight
➤ Applications: Indoor heaters, stoves, and wick-fed appliances
➤ Combustion:Cleaner burning with minimal deposits
➤ Safety:Reduced toxin production during combustion

Grade 2-K (Standard):

➤ Sulfur Content: Maximum 0.30% by weight
➤ Applications: Flued appliances and outdoor equipment
➤ Economics: Lower cost but higher maintenance requirements
➤ Availability: More widely available in bulk quantities

Ronsons Trading LLC FZ is a global supplier of R50 and R65 rail steel, delivering quality solutions for heavy industry, steel re-rolling, railway infrastructure, and construction markets worldwide.

Applications
➤ Railway track modernization and infrastructure upgrades
➤ Industrial construction, crane rails, piling, and support structures
➤ Steel recycling, re-rolling, and raw material for steel plants
➤ Heavy-duty transport and infrastructure projects