Heavy Crude Oil

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Heavy crude oil contains longer hydrocarbon chains and higher molecular weight compounds, resulting in lower API gravity (typically below 22 degrees) and increased viscosity. While more challenging to process, heavy crudes represent significant global reserves, particularly in Canada's oil sands and Venezuela's Orinoco Belt.

Light Crude Oil — Characteristics

Processing Challenges:

Requires specialized refining equipment
Higher processing costs due to complex upgrading requirements
Lower initial product yields
Increased energy consumption during refining
Advanced thermal recovery methods needed for extraction

Light Crude Oil — Characteristics

Heavy Crude Examples

Canadian Oil Sands

Viscosity 5,000-10,000 cP, requiring diluents for transport

Venezuelan Orinoco

Viscosity 1,000-5,000 cP, significant proven reserves

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